Fireplace of bricks with their own hands

To create a beautiful and functional brick fireplace with your own hands in a country house is a task that does not pose a great deal of difficulty for the owner with wit. The cost of a brick portal and chimney due to the material will not be high, especially in comparison with granite, marble and other exclusive minerals. Masonry mortar, the necessary tools are also not very expensive.

A simple fireplace, depending on the location is wall and corner. Its parameters are determined based on the area of ​​the heated room: it is divided into 100 - as a result, the optimum area of ​​the furnace is obtained. The width of the furnace hole should be 1.5-2 times the depth and about 1.5 times less than the height. To achieve sufficient thrust, the area of ​​the flue hole should be 10-15 times smaller than the area of ​​the firebox, and the straight section of the chimney should be 3 to 5 meters long.With such proportions, you can achieve effective heating of the room and safe operation of the fireplace.

A mini brick fireplace for summer cottage is well suited for small spaces and requires a minimum amount of building materials. With dimensions of the firebox no more than 40 x 60 cm, it will cope well with the heating of a room of up to 20 square meters. m, and its height without a chimney will be approximately 1.1 - 1.2 m, width 0.5 - 0.6 m. Considering the entire lining with decorative protrusions and the coating of the tube for smoke, the design will require 220 - 230 standard red bricks .

The side and rear walls of the firebox have a slight slope of about 20 ° and serve as a kind of reflector of heated air. The smoke collector has the shape of a pyramid, and the chimney is also hidden under a layer of brick, which tapers slightly towards the ceiling. Another feature of English fireplaces is the base under the portal in the form of a platform, which is laid out of refractory bricks.

The depth of the firebox in English fireplaces is 0.4–0.5 m, the layer of bricks should protrude 0.3 m from the edges of the furnace, and the projection of the horizontal base can reach 0.5 m. For effective traction and sufficient heating of the room The cross-sectional area of ​​the chimney and the firebox area had a ratio of 1 to 8. The exhaust pipe of the English version should be 3–5 m. Foot smoke. Classic English fireplaces have a long history and will add to any country house a cozy atmosphere.

BBQ fireplace is an option for outdoor use. This is a great way to decorate the backyard, where you can comfortably spend your leisure time in good weather. A fireplace with a barbecue, in addition to a woodpile and firebox, has a ledge on top, on which skewers with shish kebabs or a grill for frying meat are placed. In addition, on this device you can cook other dishes in a frying pan, in a saucepan, utyatnitsa, and food prepared on the street with natural fire, not only healthy, but also gives the family a lot of positive impressions.

For the foundation, a concrete base is usually chosen, the thickness of which will depend on the mass of the brick structure of the future brazier, usually it is 20–30 cm. The portal is most often laid out in a U-shape with a recess, inside which there is a firewood compartment, on top of the ceiling with a pallet for coal and place for the location of the lattice or skewers. You can show imagination and install more complex structures: with two fire chambers for simultaneous cooking of several dishes, with decor on top of a brick made of natural or artificial stone, with a table for butchering food or a sink with a tap and sink.

The summerhouse can be built with a brick frame and a fireplace, and the walls and roof are made of other materials: profiled iron, wood or plastic. This will simplify the installation work and will save on building materials.

There is a huge number of projects of summer houses for the street, the most common ones are:

• An open gazebo under the roof on 4 columns with a brick grill, this option is suitable for calm undisturbed weather, but in bad weather you can build lightweight walls of fiberglass, PVC panels or other available materials. The roof can be tiled with metal or ondulin, and inside you can even hold electric lighting.

• Light construction of a wooden arbor, in which brick is used only for the fireplace itself with a firebox in the shape of an arch. In the cool evening around the hearth, you can gather a small company, the heat from it will be enough. If necessary, you can equip the roof with a canopy of lightweight polymeric materials.

• Finnish gazebos have recently become widespread in our country, as they are intended for cold climates. They have in shape the shape of a regular 6 or 8-gon with closed walls and a sloping roof, from the center of which the chimney pipe comes out. They use an island fireplace made of bricks, designed for both barbecue and room heating.

Since ordinary clay brick is universal in its physical properties, it can be used for both home and outdoor fireplaces.That part of the firebox, which is in direct contact with open fire, is selected from the refractory grade.

The outdoor fireplace has many designs of designs, and every year home craftsmen offer new ideas. Fireplaces on the street can perform the function of heating, cooking, or combine two tasks at the same time. Models can be insular or near-wall, if they are attached to an arbor, the outer wall of a house, or a stone fence. The last option is very interesting, it will save materials and construction costs, if the site already has a strong and high brick fence. It can be attached corner or wall fireplace with a small hood.

A country fireplace made of brick is most often made of an island type, a simple U-shaped structure without a high chimney pipe. For this option, it is better to pre-equip the foundation with a platform made of concrete, outdoor tiles or other durable non-combustible material. It will be convenient to place chairs for rest and other garden furniture. The island fireplace for giving can be modernized over time, adding new details, in the end, having built a full-fledged closed gazebo with heating and barbecue.

Many use a decorative fireplace in the arrangement of the interior, so as not to use complex systems with a smoke box, extractor and refractory materials. Indoor fireplace can work on the basis of an electric, gas or water heater, and to simulate a flame using artful paintings, electric light or candles. This option will not replace the natural heat from burning wood, but it will look very impressive and will be much cheaper, since it does not require the work of an experienced stove.

The fireplace in the house should, above all, ensure the normal exhaust of smoke outside, so that the room does not have a strong smell and carbon monoxide. It is necessary to calculate its dimensions based on the area of ​​the room, and for cladding to apply materials with high thermal insulation. If it is conceived to make a false fireplace, then ordinary decorative brick without fire resistance is used.

Fireplaces for a bath use mainly coal for heating, have the small sizes and the simple device. They have 2 working parts: the firebox and chimney. The difference from the traditional bath stove is that the firebox is open and the heat for heating comes from it.Brick versions of such fireplaces are usually wall or corner. Due to the large mass of building materials they need to be installed on a massive foundation, if the floor in the bath is not thick enough, then you need to take care of the additional foundation for the stove.

Home fireplace consists of 4 parts:

• firebox where firewood is burned;
• smoke box for a smooth transition of smoke into the chimney;
• the chimney leading the products of combustion to the outside;
• portal around the firebox with decorative veneer.

The stove options may be different, but it is best to choose a trapezoidal shape of an open firebox with internal walls at a slight angle. This will provide the greatest efficiency of such a fireplace. Very effective in work model of a fireplace for the room with the air heat exchanger. This part can be made in the form of a serpentine-shaped tube that emits additional heat. Therefore, for the inflow of hot air into the room there is no need to maintain a constant open fire.

Outdoor fireplaces with firebox can have chimneys, barbecue, oven, metal burners and even a roof for cooking in the rain. Their device depends only on the imagination and capabilities of the owner.There are interesting models of fireplaces with breadmaker, with a woodshed or several fireboxes.

For the arrangement of fireplaces mainly choose red brick from clay or ceramics, plastic molding or pressing. The latter option is less durable, especially at high thermal loads, as it contains many pores. But the ceramic bricks obtained by plastic molding, have a smooth and durable surface and no less strong inside.

There are 3 types of bricks for home and outdoor fireplaces. A conventional non-facing building brick is designed for internal layers of masonry that are not visible. It does not need protection from an open flame and a smooth beautiful surface, therefore it costs the cheapest. In the manufacture of refractory bricks, pressing and firing high-temperature chamotte or quartz blanks are used. Such building materials are installed in places of contact with open fire, i.e. in the firebox and smoke box. Facing and shaped bricks for decoration have a smooth uniform surface with different colors, textures or glitter.

For masonry, building mortars are used, which include cement, sand, water, and sometimes chemical fillers for heat resistance. In order not to calculate the right combination of components for the construction of the furnace, you can purchase special dry construction mixtures that you only need to dilute with water and mix before use.

In addition to brick and binder solution, the construction of fireplaces use metal parts for the fireplace grill, heat exchanger, chimney, barbecue and pallets for coal.

Arrangement of the foundation under the fireplace is best done during the construction of the building itself. But if the house is already built, then the floor is cut and under the chimney facade a base is made of concrete or brick. Depending on the size of the fireplace, the foundation deepens 30 to 50 cm below the floor level. The brick base should be folded onto the mortar from cement 400 or 500 with sand in the proportion of 1 to 3. In the case of a concrete casting foundation, wooden formwork is constructed of concrete.

The foundation for a home fireplace is not needed if it has a high brick base, such that the distance from the bottom of the firebox to the floor is at least 0.3 m.In this case, it is necessary to take into account that the floor structure can withstand the existing mass of the furnace with a chimney. Also do not need the foundation of false fireplaces.

Outdoor fireplace in any form must be erected on a concrete base of at least 20 - 30 cm, so that the design was stable in the backyard.

The ordinal scheme of the fireplace contains drawings of bricks from the lowest to the top row. There may be several images, they contain order from different sides. With the help of ready-made projects of such drawings, you can properly assemble the furnace with your own hands, the builder only needs to lay the bricks on a horizontal level and add mortar. Ready-made schemes for rows allow you to immediately calculate the required amount of building materials.

If the owner of the suburban area has no experience in laying bricks for the fireplace, then step-by-step instructions will help him to build the building from scratch. There are many variants of such plans, but they all have approximately the same structure. The manual masonry lesson of a home or outdoor fireplace usually consists of 5–7 stages, each of which describes the installation of 2–3 rows of bricks and its features.At the same time, other necessary questions are considered: how to properly reinforce a brick or concrete foundation, how to make a smoke box and an air heat exchanger, how to decorate the facade of a fireplace.

Experienced stove-house emit the most common mistakes in the construction of brick fireplaces:

• irregular proportions of the sizes and shapes of the firebox, smoke box, section and height of the chimney and the area of ​​the heated room;
• too thick or thin joint width between rows, improper combination of concrete mortar components;
• non-use of heat-resistant and refractory bricks;

• Too small height of the foundation or base under the fireplace;
• the dimensions of the facade, decorative parts are incorrectly calculated; rows and decorative details are not exactly level-wise; bricks must be laid with utmost care and professionalism.

Before this, forced drying is carried out: a small amount of dry wood is heated every day.Begin with 2 kg, every 2 days increasing the weight by 1 kg.